Progress in the research of medial column reconstruction of proximal humerus fractures in the elderly / 中国骨伤

The proximal medial column of the humerus is a continuous cortical region in the inner and lower part of the humerus head, which has attracted more and more attention in clinical and scientific research since it was proposed. It has been shown to increase the stability of internal fixation, maintain the height of the humeral head to prevent varus, and reduce the risk of screw penetration. Biomechanical studies have also shown that the medial column has an outstanding performance in increasing the stiffness, torsion resistance, and shear resistance of the locking plate. Although it has many benefits, there is no unified definition of its concept and specific region, and the existing classification does not include the medial column, therefore more researches are required to provide supporting information. The methods of medial column reconstruction mainly include locking plate combined with talus screw, locking plate combined with bone grafting, internal and external double plate combined support, locking plate combined with bone cement, and humeral cage. These methods have their own characteristics, however they will increase the cost of surgery and bring new complications. How to determine the best way of reconstruction is one of the focuses of future research. In this review, the concept of the proximal medial humerus column, the role of maintaining internal fixation, the role of biomechanics and the reconstruction methods are reviewed.

Effects and evaluation of application of virtual reality technology in surgical skills training for postgraduates / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objectives:To explore the feasibility of applying virtual reality (VR) technology to surgical skills training for postgraduate students with VR technology and to evaluate its training effect.Methods:Taking the VR software for nephrectomy as an example, the VR software was applied to the surgical training of the surgery postgraduates, and compared with the traditional teaching methods to evaluate its training effect. Meanwhile the questionnaires about the performance characteristics and technological advantages of VR software were distributed to participators.Results:The examination performances in group with VR training were significantly better than that with traditional teaching methods (92.17±0.38 vs. 87.94±0.43, P<0.001). A total of 35 valid questionnaires were collected back. More than 82% of participators considered that VR surgery teaching had advantages of realistic training mode, strong three-dimensional effect, friendly interface, easy manipulation, favorable interaction, convenient full-scale viewing, splendid and plentiful course content, wonderful training effect and stimulating training interest. All of participators confirmed that VR surgery teaching can replace the traditional surgery training methods. Conclusions:It is feasible to apply VR technology in surgical skills training for postgraduates. The effect of surgical skills training with VR technology for postgraduates is significantly superior to the traditional training methods, which is worth further popularization and application.

Mechanism of Duanteng Yimu Decoction on Expression of MEKK2 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Fibroblasts and Arthritis in CIA Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective::Duanteng Yimu decoction(DTYMD)is effective in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by relieving joint inflammation and down-regulating some inflammatory factors in a short period of time, but the mechanism is still unclear. We aimed to investigate upstream kinase of mitogen activated protein kinases(MAPK) and define the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DTYMD. Method::Fibroblasts-like synovial cells(FLSs) were divided into blank group, model group (IL-1β), high-dose DTYMD group (1 000 mg·L-1), medium-dose DTYMD group (800 mg·L-1), low-dose DTYMD group (600 mg·L-1) and armour ammonia butterfly(MTX) group (20 μmol·L-1). The protein and mRNA expressions of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 2 (MEKK2) were analyzed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(Real-time PCR). Totally 42 male DBA/1J mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, with 7 mice in each group, namely normal group, model group and MTX group (2 mg·kg-1), low-dose DTYMD group (6.25 mg·kg-1), medium-dose DTYMD group (12.5 mg·kg-1), and high-dose DTYMD group (25 mg·kg-1). Except for the normal group, the other five groups were included in collagen-induced arthritis(CIA) model by secondary immunoassay. After administration, the posterior limbs and ankle joints were stained with htoxylin-eosin(HE), and the pathological scores of the joints were evaluated. Result::Compared with the model group, DTYMD inhibited the activity of FLSs in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the cell proliferation rate of the model group increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, high and middle-dose DTYMD groups could inhibit protein and mRNA expressions of MEKK2 (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in low-dose group. However, the expression of DTYMD protein in high/medium/low-dose groups was significantly higher than that in blank group (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in MTX group. Compared with the model group, the expressions of matrix metalloprotease-1 (MMP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin(IL)-6 were negatively regulated in different DTYMD groups(P<0.01), and the expressions of MMP-1, IL-6, TNF-α in the model group were significantly higher than those in the blank group (P<0.05, P<0.01). In the animal experiment, compared with the model group, high/middle-dose DTYMD groups could decrease the degree of joint swelling in CIA mice (P<0.01), but there was no significant difference in the low dose group, and the joint swelling in the model group was significantly higher than that in the blank group (P<0.05). In HE staining of ankle joint of CIA mice, the pathological scores of high/small-dose DTYMD groups were significantly lower those of model group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the pathological score of model group was higher than that of blank group (P<0.01). Conclusion::DTYMD might down-regulate MEKK2 to negatively regulate inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-1, thereby alleviating the inflammatory response in rheumatoid arthritis.

Current situation and influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism in junior middle school students in Yanqing District, Beiing / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism in junior middle school students in Yanqing District, Beijing. Methods With the mothod of stratified cluster random sampling, the questionnaire, physical examination and fasting capillary blood glucose were conducted in 2 493 students from 4 junior high schools. Results The prevalence of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose, and abnormal glucose metabolism were 2.5%, 11.4%, and 13.9%, respectively. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism varied significantly among different ages, grades, regions, obesity, central obesity and hypertension (all P<0.05); Unconditional multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that urban, centripetal obesity, and hypertension were positively associated with the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism in middle school students in Yanqing District; daily breakfast was negatively associated with the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism. Conclusion The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism is high among junior middle school students, urban, central obesity, high blood pressure and daily breakfast are influencing factors of abnormal glucose metabolism in Yanqing District of Beijing.

Mechanism of Wulingsan in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis Based on Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study the mechanism of Wulingsan (WLS) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by network pharmacology. Method:The active components of WLS were screened on traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology(TCMSP) platform, and the targets were predicted in DragBank database. The "component-target" network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.2.1 software. Disease targets were searched in TTD, DrugBank and DisGenet databases. The Venn diagram was built to extract the target of WLS in the treatment of RA, and the gene oesthetics(GO) function annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedin of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) signal pathway enrichment analysis were performed by cluego plugin. The TCM-component-target-pathway network of WLS was constructed, and the network feature analysis was made by Network Analyzer. Result:Totally 52 components and 297 potential targets in WLS and 1 845 targets relating to RA were excavated, and 49 common targets of WLS-RA were obtained. The common targets were mainly enriched in 322 biological processes and 31 signaling pathways. Conclusion:WLS may regulate targets, such as prostaglandin epoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), cysteine aspartate protein-3 (Caspase-3), transcription factor p65 (RELA), progesterone receptor (PGR), and adjust cancer-related pathways, tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling pathways, interleukin-17(IL-17) signaling pathways, nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB) signaling pathways, Th17 cell differentiation, so as to inhibit the inflammatory response, regulate immune function and adjust apoptosis to treat rheumatoid arthritis.

Efficacy of arthroscopy combined with fibular osteotomy in treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of arthroscopy and fibula osteotomy in the treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis.Methods Thirty-six patients with medial knee osteoarthritis treated in our hospital from September 2014 to September 2016 were divided into two groups according to the acceptable surgical protocol.The control group was treated by fibula osteotomy,and the observation group received arthroscopy combined with fibula osteotomy.The clinical signs and symptoms,VAS and ISOA scores were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Results The control group of 18 cases,clinical recovery in 0 cases,markedly effective in 7 cases,effective in 8 cases,3 cases with no effect,the effective rate was 38.9％;observation group of 18 cases,3 cases clinically cured,effective in 10 cases,effective in 5 cases,the effective rate was 72.2％.The effective rate of observation group was better than that of the control group,the difference was signicant (P ＜ 0.05).VAS and ISOA in both groups were significantly improved after operation,the difference was signicant (P ＜ 0.05);VAS improvement in observation group was better than that in control group,the difference was signicant(P ＜ 0.05),ISOA score in observation group was significantly better than that in control group,the difference was signicant(P ＜0.01).The clinical signs and symptoms(pain and numbness,walking,living and working abilities,tenderness,straight leg raising test,knee and Achilles reflex,total score) in two groups were improved respectively compared with those before treatment,and the differences were statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).The pain and numbness,walking,tenderness,straight leg raising test and total score in the observation group were significantly different from those in the control group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The arthroscopy and fibula osteotomy is safe and feasible to treat patients of medial knee osteoarthritis with less traumatic,more effective and better functional recovery.

Management of medical equipment maintenance / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To explore the management methods of medical equipment maintenance. Methods Based on the staffing of hospital engineering technician, the difference between levels of hospitals in medical equipment maintenance management was explored from the aspects of maintenance, preventive maintenance, use training of medical equipment, medical equipment maintenance management system and etc. Results The management methods of medical equipment maintenance were different corresponding to the configurations of the departments of clinical engineering. Conclusion The maintenance management method corresponding to the staffing of hospital engineering technician as well as the correct use of modern medical equipment contribute to insuring the safety and reliability and enhancing the availability and utilization rate.

Progress in preventive effects of cordyceps sinensis on ischemic brain / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

Cerebral ischemia is due to cerebral blood supply disorders caused by ischemia and hypoxia resulting in localized ischemic brain necrosis or brain softening of the disease, leading to irreversible brain damage and subsequent loss of neuronal function is a serious threat to human health One of several diseases. For patients with cerebral ischemia, often the lack of effective and extensive treatment. In addition, cerebral ischemia with morbidity, morbidity and mortality are characterized by high, so by the medical profession at home and abroad attention. As a traditional Chinese medicine, cordyceps sinensis (CS) is a complex of ergot fungus, which is parasitized on the larvae of the bat-moth family. The compound is composed of cordycepin, cordyceps polysaccharide, cordyceps sinensis peptides, ergosterol, mannitol, fatty acids and trace elements such as a variety of ingredients, with a wide range of pharmacological effects. Over the years, domestic and foreign scholars on the pharmacological effects of cordyceps sinensis were more comprehensive study of its prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia is also deepening, found that cordyceps sinensis on cerebral ischemia with anti-inflammatory, reduce oxidative damage and neuronal ischemia damage, reduce neuronal apoptosis, improve memory cognition, reduce thrombosis, inhibit NO production, enhance mitochondrial energy supply, scavenging free radicals and other prevention and treatment. But no relevant review. In this paper, the domestic and foreign literatures on the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemia by cordyceps sinensis were summarized, analyzed and summarized in order to provide useful information for the research and further development of cordyceps sinensis.

Protective effect of jiedu tongluo injection on cerebral edema in rats with lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the protective effects of Jiedu Tongluo injection on cerebral edema induced by focal lesion of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, the hydrous content of brain and the expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), E-selectin and MMP-9 in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The model of brain middle cerebral artery ischemia/reperfusion was established by the thread approach. After 24 hours of reperfusion, cerebral edema formation was determined by the hydrous content of brain. The permeability of blood brain barrier was evaluated based on the leakage of Evans blue. Enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA)was used to examine the expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin. The expression of MMP-9 was measured by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>JDTL, in the dose of 2 mL x kg(-1) and 4 mL x kg(-1), relieved cerebral edema (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), reduced the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-land E-selectin and decreased MMP-9 activity (P < 0. 05, P < 0.01) in model rats.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Jiedu Tongluo injection has a protective effect on rat brain from cerebral edema induced by the injury of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. The mechanism is related to that Jiedu Tongluo injection can reduce the expressions of ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin and inhibit of MMP-9 activation in rat brain.</p>

The Stent-Assisted Coil-Jailing Technique Facilitates Efficient Embolization of Tiny Cerebral Aneurysms

OBJECTIVE: Tiny cerebral aneurysms are difficult to embolize because the aneurysm's sac is too small for a single small coil, and coils within the aneurysm may escape from the confinement of a stent. This study was performed to introduce the stent-assisted coil-jailing technique and to investigate its effect on the coil embolization of tiny intracranial aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen patients with tiny intracranial aneurysms treated with the stent-assisted coil-jailing technique between January 2011 and December 2013 were retrospectively reviewed and followed-up. RESULTS: All aneurysms were successfully treated with the coil-jailing technique, and at the end of embolization, complete occlusion of the aneurysm was achieved in 9 cases (56.3%), incomplete occlusion in 6 (37.5%), and partial occlusion in 1 (6.3%). Intraprocedural complications included acute thrombosis in one case (6.3%) and re-rupture in another (6.3%). Both complications were managed appropriately with no sequela. Follow-up was performed in all patients for 3-24 months (mean, 7.7 months) after embolization. Complete occlusion was sustained in the 9 aneurysms with initial complete occlusion, progressive thrombosis to complete occlusion occurred in the 6 aneurysms with initial near-complete occlusion, and one aneurysm resulted in progressive thrombosis to complete occlusion after initial partial occlusion. No migration of stents or coils occurred at follow-up as compared with their positions immediately after embolization. At follow-up, all patients had recovered with no sequela. CONCLUSION: The stent-assisted coil-jailing technique can be an efficient approach for tiny intracranial aneurysms, even though no definite conclusion regarding its safety can be drawn from the current data.

Effect of Hanfangji compound on proliferation of hepatic stellate cells and expressions of TTR, ITIH1 and SERPINF2 / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe and compare the effects of Hanfangji Compound and IFN-gamma on expressions of transthyretin (TTR) , inter-alpha inhibitor H1 (ITIH1) and serpin peptidase inhibitor clade F member 2 (SERPINF2) of hepatic stellate cells (HSC-T6).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Hanfangji Compound and IFN-gammaof different concentrations were used in hepatic stellate cell-T6 (HSC-T6) for 48 h. Flow cytometer was used to detect the effects of Hanfangji Compound and IFN-gamma on HSC proliferation. RT-PCR method was adopted to detect mRNA expressions of TFR, ITIH1 and SERPINF2. TTR, ITIH1 and SERPINF2 secretions were detected by ELISA. The protein localizations of TTR, ITIH1 and SERPINF2 were examined by immune fluorescence. The protein expression of TfR and ITIHI were determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After Hanfangji Compound and IFN-gamma were adopted in HSC-T6, compared with the control group, the cell proliferation was inhibited obviously (P < 0. 05) , protein expressions of TTR, ITIH1 and SERPINF2 and mRNA expression increased significantly, with certain correlation with concentrations of Hanfangji Compound. The 2. 5 g L-I Hanfangji Compound group was superior to the IFN-gamma group (P <0. 05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hanfangji Compound can inhibit HSC proliferation, upregulated TTR, ITIH1 and SERPINF2 proteins and mRNA expression, which may be one of mechanisms of anti-hepatic fibrosis of Hanfangji Compound.</p>

Expressions of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells, TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer patients / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells, TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood of prostate cancer (PCa) patients, and analyze the role of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis of PCa and their relationship with TGF-beta 1 and COX-2.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We used flow cytometry to calculate the percentage of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in the CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 30 PCa patients (11 localized and 19 non-localized cases) and 20 healthy volunteer controls, determined the expressions of TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the serum by ELISA, and analyzed their correlation with the CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in the PCa patients as well as the differences between the localized and non- localized cases.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells accounted for (18.32 +/- 7.49) % in the CD4+ T cells in PBMCs from the PCa patients, significantly higher than (7.77 +/- 1.86) % from the controls (P < 0.05), but with no statistically significant difference between pre- and post-treatment in the PCa patients (P > 0.05). The expressions of TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood were (215.97 +/- 55.16) ng/ml and (6.88 +/- 5.14) ng/ml in the PCa patients, in comparison with (149.75 +/- 47.11) ng/ml (P < 0.05) and (6.88 +/- 5.14) ng/ml (P > 0.05) in the controls. Multiple linear regression analysis showed no significant correlation between the expression of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in PBMCs and those of TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood of the PCa patients. There were no significant differences between the localized and non-localized PCa groups in the expressions of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells, TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells in in PBMCs are involved in the pathogenesis of PCa. The proliferation of CD4+ CD25(high) regulatory T cells is not significantly correlated to the expressions of TGF-beta 1 and COX-2 in the peripheral blood, but maybe to the tumor itself and the local tumor microenvironment.</p>

Effects of carvedilol on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in autoimmune myocarditis in mice / 中华儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of carvedilol on the expression of Bcl-2, Bax and Fas in autoimmune myocarditis (AM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 60 inbred male BALB/C mice 4 - 5 weeks of age were divided at random into 3 groups as follows: AM group (n = 20), carvedilol group (n = 20) and control group (n = 20). The mice were sacrificed after gathering blood specimens by taking out the eyeballs and hearts tissue. The histological and ultrastructural changes were observed under light microscope and electron microscope. The concentrations of cardiac troponin I (cTn I) were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to analyze the contents of Bcl-2, Bax and Fas, TUNEL to detect the apoptotic index in myocardial cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were large number of lymphocyte and monocyte infiltrates under light microscope and karyopyknosis and chromatin gathered along the nuclear membrane under electron microscope in AM group. There were no inflammations and chromatin gathering in group C. Compared with control group, the Bcl-2, Bax and Fas protein expression significantly elevated in AM group (23.48 ± 2.24 vs. 6.64 ± 1.60, 26.15 ± 2.02 vs. 5.09 ± 0.85, 21.22 ± 3.62 vs. 5.86 ± 1.37, P < 0.01). The histopathologic scores (2.60 ± 0.31 vs. 2.02 ± 0.26, P < 0.05) and karyopyknosis of carvedilol group decreased as compared with AM group. The Bcl-2, Bax and Fas protein expression (17.13 ± 1.94 vs. 23.48 ± 2.24, 17.66 ± 2.62 vs. 26.15 ± 2.02, 16.79 ± 2.83 vs. 21.22 ± 3.62, P < 0.05), AI [(16.61 ± 4.67)% vs. (24.51 ± 4.70)%, P < 0.05] and contents of cTnI [(1.878 ± 0.48) ng/ml vs. (1.102 ± 0.23) ng/ml, P < 0.05] also decreased in carvedilol group compared with AM group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Carvedilol could protect against AM by alleviating cardiomyocyte apoptosis.</p>

Overexpression of SERCA2a by gene transfer enhances myocardial systolic function in canines / 生理学报

The present study is aimed to study the effect of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) gene transfer on the contractile function of isolated cardiomyocytes of canines. The cardiomyocytes were isolated with collagenases. The isolated cardiac cells were divided into untransfected group, empty vector group and SERCA2a-transfected group. Recombinant adenovirus vector carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein gene was used for SERCA2a gene delivery. The expression of SERCA2a protein in cardiomyocytes was determined by Western blot. Contractile function of cardiomyocytes was measured with motion edge-detection system of single cell at 48 h after transfection. The results showed, compared with untransfected group, SERCA2a protein level, percentage of peak contraction amplitude under normal condition, percentages of peak contraction amplitude under Ca(2+) or isoproterenol stimulation, time-to-peak contraction (TTP) and time-to-50% relaxation (R50) in SERCA2a-transfected group all increased significantly. While all the above indices in empty vector group did not show any differences with those in untransfected group. These results suggest that the overexpression of SERCA2a by gene transfer may enhance the contraction function of canine myocardial cells.

Epidemiological analysis of primary liver cancer in the early 21st century in Guangxi province of China / 癌症

<p><b>BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE</b>In Guangxi province, from 1970s to 1990s, the mortality of primary liver cancer (PLC) ranked the first among a variety of malignant tumors. Investigating the epidemiological characteristics of PLC is very important for developing reasonable and effective treatment strategy, allocating health resources rationally, and evaluating the quality of PLC prevention and control. This study was to analyze the mortality and epidemiological characteristics of PLC in Guangxi province between 2004 and 2005.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 9 counties (cities or urban areas) as sample points. The residents' death causes between 2004 and 2005 were analyzed, and the epidemiological characteristics of PLC were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the period of 2004-2005, the crude mortality of PLC was 34.39/100,000 in Guangxi province population (55.30/100,000 in men and 13.21/100,000 in women). The national population standardized mortality in 1964 was 22.17/100,000. The man to woman ratio of mortality was 4.19:1. PLC ranked as the first death cause among a variety of malignant tumors, and PLC related death accounted for 30.70% of all tumor related death cases. Age specific mortality of PLC was increased with age, rising significantly from 30 year old (from 25 year old in men and from 40 year old in women), and reached a peak at 75 year old.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mortality of PLC shows a decreasing trend in Guangxi province in the early 21st century, and the starting age of PLC death peak postpones about 10 years than that in 1990s. It shows that the comprehensive prevention and control measures of PLC implemented in Guangxi province are fruitful. However, the PLC mortality in Guangxi province is still significantly higher than the national average level, and it still ranks as the first death cause in a variety of malignant tumors in Guangxi province. PLC mainly occurs in middle aged and elderly people. The prevention and treatment research of PLC still has a long way to go.</p>

Study on the relationship between familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma and polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 gene in Zhuang populationl Guangxi / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To study the relationship between familial clustering of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and the polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 gene(CYP2E1)as well as of other relevant risk factors to the cancer.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 91 members of 10 HCC clustering families and 102 of 10 control families,among Zhuang population,in Guangxi.The area had been with high incidence rate of HCC.Genotypes and allele frequencies of CYP2E1 Rsa I site were determined by polymerase chain reaction.combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP).Serum HBsAg was tested by means of ELISA.Data on relevant risk factors of the cancer were collected as well.through a unique questionnaire.Results Frequencies of c1/c1 and c1/c2 genetypes of CYP2E1 Rsa I site were 63.7%and 36.3%.respectively,in the members of families with cancer clustering phenomena.In the members of the control families.these two rates were 48.0%and 52.0%,respectively (OR=1.901,95%CI:1.067-3.387).Difference of genotypes frequencies of CYP2E1 Rsa I site between the members in these two groups was statistically significant(X2=4.797,P=0.029).According to the results from non-condition logistic regression analysis.the major risk factors on familial clustering of HCC could be listed as:intake of corns.HBsAg carrying status and CYP2E1 c1/c1 genotype.Conclusion The relationship seemed to exist between familial clustering of HCC and the frequencies of polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2E1 gene(CYP2E1).The frequencies of CYP2E1 Rsa I site were neither the only nor the major factor,causing the familial clustering phenomenon of cancel More possible,it Was the affect of syntheses with the involvement of multiple factors.

Trochlear calcification and intraorbital foreign body in ocular trauma patients / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To distinguish trochlear calcification and intraorbital foreign body after eye injury in order to avoid misdiagnosis as well as mistreatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The orbital CT images of 403 patients, who visited the Eye Hospital or the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College during May 2005-April 2007, were reviewed. The diagnosis of trochlear calcification and intraorbital foreign body was made together by a skilled radiologist as well as an ophthalmologist. General information and CT characteristics in the patients with trochlear calcification were collected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Using CT scan images, 27 among 403 patients (6.69%) were identified with trochlear calcification. Three patients (3/27, 11.11%) were misdiagnosed by radiologists as intraorbital foreign body. Among the 27 patients with trochlear calcification, 23 (85.19%) were male and 4 (14.81%) were female, with an unilateral calcification in 7 patients (7/27, 25.93%) and bilateral in 20 (74.07%) . The highest occurrence of trochlear calcification was in 31-40 years old group (13/403, 3.23%) which reached to 12.87% (13/101) after age-correction. There were 3 types of trochlear calcification on the basis of CT images: commas, dot and inverted "U".</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The trochlear calcification is not an uncommon phenomenon and should not be diagnosed as intraorbital foreign body, especially when it co-exists with eye injury in 31-40 years old group. Injury history and our classification method on the basis of CT images could help to avoid misdiagnosis.</p>

The effects of acrylonitrile on cell apoptosis, proliferation and related genes expression of rat normal and tumor glial cells / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of acrylonitrile (ACN) to cell growth, apoptosis, proliferation and related gene expression of rat normal glial cells (DI TNC1) and tumor glial cells (C6).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The concentration of ACN on DI TNC1 and C6 were 25, 50 and 75 microg/ml. For cell growth, proliferation and apoptosis assay, the treated time was 24 hours, for microarray assay, the treated time was 4 and 24 hours.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment of DI TNC1 cell with 25,50 and 75 microg/ml ACN, the DNA synthesis index were decreased 93.1%, 81.3% and 74.9% as compared to control respectively, the apoptosis index was increased 118%, 122% and 143% as compared to controls respectively. The DNA synthesis and apoptosis indexes of C6 cell showed no change after treatment with ACN. The cell cycle and apoptosis pathway related genes, such as cyclin and p53, also showed changes after treatment with ACN.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ACN inhibited the cell proliferation of DI TNC1, induced the apoptosis of DI TNC1 and had no effect on cell proliferation and apoptosis of C6 cells, and the related regulation gene expression changes further confirmed the results.</p>

Effect of House Indoor Air Pollution on Children Respiratory System in Lanzhou City / 环境与健康杂志

Objective To study the adverse effect of house indoor air pollution on children respiratory system health in Lanzhou city.Methods A retrospective questionnaire investigation on 1 700 children respiratory health was carried out in three kindergartens,three elementary schools involving lower grade pupils in three districts in Lanzhou city.At the same time,the information about the home environment of the children and family background was collected.Applying logistic regression model, the influencing factors were analyzed.Results The over-standard rates of indoor air quality were from 12.4% to 43.8% in Lanzhou.In the non-heating period,the over-standard rates of formaldehyde,benzene,SO_2,NO_2,CO and PM10 in indoor air were 22.6%,14.5%,13.3%,12.4%,0% and 23.3% respectively.In the heating period,the over-standard rates of the pollutants were 27.3%,16.4%,34.6%,28.5%,32.3% and 43.8% respectively.Indoor air pollution was statistically associated with children respiratory symptoms and diseases,the related risk factors were someone smoking in home,house decorated,opening windows, ventilation,heating in winter,sharing bedroom and maternal education.The outdoor air pollution was one of the influencing factors. Conclusion Children respiratory diseases and symptoms are related to many air pollution factors,such as outdoor and indoor air pollution,personal characteristic and family factors,so to prevent and control indoor air pollution,a comprehensive way should be taken in Lanzhou city.

A cross-sectional study on liver diseases in the rural residents in southern Guangxi, China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the epidemiological characteristics of liver diseases in a rural population in Southern Guangxi, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The enzyme immunoassays was used to detect of HBsAg and AFP. AFP positive serum samples were further examined for concentration of AFP by using a radio immunoassays. Liver morphological changes were measured with ultrasonography of type B.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of HBsAg in the studied population was 17.8% (2800/15,701). The prevalence rates of viral hepatitis B, cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, clonorchiasis, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease were 1.1% (173/15,701), 0.4% (63/15,701), 299.3 per 100,000 (47/15,701), 6.6% (1036/15,701), 4.8% (754/15,701) and 0.3% (47/15,701), respectively. The positive rates of HBsAg and the prevalence rates of viral hepatitis B, cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, clonorchiasis, fatty liver disease in male were significantly higher as compared with those in female (5.98 < or = chi(2) < or = 394.78, P < 0.01). No difference was observed in the prevalence rates of liver cavernous hemangioma and hepatic cysts between male and female. The prevalence rates of intrahepatic bile duct stones was significantly higher in female than in male (chi(2) = 30.80, P < 0.01). The positive rates of HBsAg and the prevalence rates of viral hepatitis B and clonorchiasis were decreased with age. But the prevalence rates of cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, liver cavernous hemangioma, hepatic cysts and intrahepatic bile duct stones were increased with age.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rural areas in the southern Guangxi are high prevalence regions of liver illness, and the male resident are even at high risk.</p>